The include and require statements are used to insert useful codes written in other files, in the flow of execution.
Include and require are identical, except upon failure:
- require will produce a fatal error (E_COMPILE_ERROR) and stop the script
- include will only produce a warning (E_WARNING) and the script will continue
Including files saves a lot of work. This means that you can create a standard header, footer, or menu file for all your web pages. Then, when the header needs to be updated, you can only update the header include file.
Syntax
include 'filename';
or
require 'filename';
or
require 'filename';
PHP include and require Statement
Basic Example
Assume that you have a standard header file, called "header.php". To include the header file in a page, use include/require:
<html>
<body>
<?php include 'header.php'; ?>
<h1>Welcome to my home page!</h1>
<p>Some text.</p>
</body>
</html>
<body>
<?php include 'header.php'; ?>
<h1>Welcome to my home page!</h1>
<p>Some text.</p>
</body>
</html>
Example 2
Assume we have a standard menu file that should be used on all pages."menu.php":
<a href="/default.php">Home</a>
<a href="/tutorials.php">Tutorials</a>
<a href="/references.php">References</a>
<a href="/examples.php">Examples</a>
<a href="/about.php">About Us</a>
<a href="/contact.php">Contact Us</a>
<a href="/tutorials.php">Tutorials</a>
<a href="/references.php">References</a>
<a href="/examples.php">Examples</a>
<a href="/about.php">About Us</a>
<a href="/contact.php">Contact Us</a>
<html>
<body>
<div class="leftmenu">
<?php include 'menu.php'; ?>
</div>
<h1>Welcome to my home page.</h1>
<p>Some text.</p>
</body>
</html>
<body>
<div class="leftmenu">
<?php include 'menu.php'; ?>
</div>
<h1>Welcome to my home page.</h1>
<p>Some text.</p>
</body>
</html>
Example 3
Assume we have an include file with some variables defined ("vars.php"):
<?php
$color='red';
$car='BMW';
?>
$color='red';
$car='BMW';
?>
<html>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to my home page.</h1>
<?php include 'vars.php';
echo "I have a $color $car"; // I have a red BMW
?>
</body>
</html>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to my home page.</h1>
<?php include 'vars.php';
echo "I have a $color $car"; // I have a red BMW
?>
</body>
</html>
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